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IP Telephony Configuration Guide
Appendix A
Networking
This appendix provides information on making your network run more efficiently.
Determining the bandwidth requirements
The design process starts with the an IP telephony bandwidth forecast. The bandwidth forecast
determines the following:
• LAN requirements: LAN must have enough capacity for the number of calls plus the overhead
• WAN requirements: WAN must have enough capacity for the number of calls plus the
overhead
Determining WAN link resources
For most installations, IP telephony traffic travels over WAN links within the intranet. WAN links
are the highest recurring expenses in the network and they are often the source of capacity
problems in the network. WAN links require time to receive financial approval, provision and
upgrade, especially inter-LATA (Local Access and Transport Area) and international links. For
these reasons, it is important to determine the state of WAN links in the intranet before installing
the IP telephony.
Link utilization
This procedure explains how to determine and adjust link utilization:
1 Get a current topology map and link utilization report of the intranet. A visual inspection of the
topology can indicate the WAN links anticipated to deliver IP telephony traffic.
2 Record the current utilization of the links that will be handling IP telephony traffic. For
example, the link utilization can be an average of a week, a day, or one hour. To be consistent
with the considerations, get the peak utilization of the trunk.
3 Determine the available spare capacity. Business Communications Manager intranets are
subject to capacity planning controls that ensure that capacity use remains below a determined
utilization level. For example, a planning control can state that the utilization of a 56 kbit/s link
during the peak hour must not exceed 50%. For example, for a T1 link, the threshold is higher,
for example at 85%. The carrying capacity of the 56 kbit/s link can be 28 kbit/s, and for the T1,
1.3056 Mbit/s. In some organizations the thresholds can be lower than those used in this
example. In the event of link failures, spare capacity for rerouting traffic is required.
Some WAN links can exist on top of layer 2 services such as Frame Relay and Asychronous
Transfer Mode (ATM). The router-to-router link is a virtual circuit, which is subject not only to a
physical capacity, but also to a logical capacity limit. The installer or administrator needs to obtain
the physical link capacity and the QoS parameters. The important QoS parameters are CIR
(committed information rate) for Frame Relay, and MCR (maximum cell rate) for Asynchronous
Transfer Mode (ATM).
- Business Communications 1
- Manager 2.5 1
- IP Telephony Configuration 1
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 4 4
- Chapter 5 5
- Appendix A 5
- Before you begin 13
- Symbols used in this guide 14
- Text conventions 14
- Acronyms 15
- UDP User Datagram Protocol 16
- WAN Wide Area Network 16
- Related publications 17
- How to get help 18
- Chapter 1 19
- Introduction 19
- The IP telephony network 20
- Chapter 1 Introduction 21 21
- Figure 1 Network diagram 21
- Telephones 22
- IP Network 22
- Key IP Telephony Concepts 23
- Jitter Buffer 24
- QoS routing 24
- Chapter 1 Introduction 25 25
- 26 Chapter 1 Introduction 26
- Chapter 2 27
- Prerequisites checklist 27
- Network assessment 28
- Resource Assessment 28
- Keycodes 29
- IP Telephones 30
- Chapter 3 31
- Installing IP Telephones 31
- Choosing a codec 33
- Choosing a Jitter Buffer 33
- Before Installing 34
- Manual Cfg DHCP(0 no, 1 yes) 35
- Configuring DHCP 38
- Figure 4 DHCP summary 39
- Figure 5 DHCP range 40
- Figure 6 IP Terminal status 41
- Figure 7 Configuration menu 42
- Figure 9 IP Terminal Status 43
- Download Pending 44
- Deregistering offline DNs 45
- Moving IP telephones 46
- H.323 devices 47
- 4 Click the Save button 49
- VoIP Trunk Configuration 51
- Configuring media parameters 53
- Configuring codecs 54
- Setting Silence Compression 54
- Setting Jitter Buffers 55
- Outgoing call configuration 56
- Figure 21 Trunk/Line data 57
- Figure 22 Line pool 58
- Configuring a remote gateway 59
- Configuring PSTN fallback 60
- Setting up a VoIP schedule 61
- Vo I P 62
- Configuring routes 63
- Figure 28 Route list 64
- Figure 29 Add route dialog 64
- Creating a destination code 65
- Figure 32 Normal schedule 66
- Configuring digits 67
- Activating the VoIP schedule 67
- Turning on QoS monitor 68
- Incoming call configuration 70
- Example configuration 71
- Making calls 74
- Connecting an i200X telephone 75
- Quality of Service Monitor 77
- Port settings 77
- Using firewalls 78
- Using a gatekeeper 80
- Gatekeeper call scenarios 82
- Typical applications 85
- MCDN functionality 86
- Networking 91
- Network Engineering 92
- Networking 93 93
- (64 kb/s) 93
- (5.3 kb/s) 93
- LAN Engineering Examples 95
- WAN engineering 96
- Setting Non-linear processing 96
- Networking 97 97
- Traceroute 97
- Enough link capacity 98
- Not enough link capacity 98
- Implementing the network 99
- Further network analysis 99
- Reduce link delay 100
- Reducing hop count 100
- Adjust the jitter buffer size 101
- Reduce packet errors 101
- Routing issues 102
- Silence compression 103
- Appendix B 103
- 104 Silence compression 104
- P0937663 02.0 104
- Silence compression 105 105
- 106 Silence compression 106
- Silence compression 107 107
- Comfort Noise 108
- Appendix C 109
- Network Performance Utilities 109
- Appendix D 111
- Interoperability 111
- Speech Path Setup Methods 112
- Media Path Redirection 112
- Gatekeeper 113
- Symbol Telephones 114
- Appendix E 115
- Quality of Service 115
- Measuring Intranet QoS 116
- Recording routes 117
- Adjustment for processing 118
- Late packets 118
- Quality of Service 119 119
- Traffic mix 120
- Network Quality of Service 121
- Packet loss 122
- Packet delay 122
- Delay variation (jitter) 123
- 124 Quality of Service 124
- Glossary 125
- 126 Glossary 126
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