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118 Quality of Service
P0937663 02.0
Adjusting ping measurements
The Ping statistics are based on round-trip measurements. While the QoS metrics in the
Transmission Rating model are one-way. To make the comparison compatible, the delay and
packet error
Ping
statistics are halved.
Adjustment for processing
The
Ping
measurements are taken from
Ping
host to
Ping
host. The Transmission Rating QoS
metrics are from end user to end user, and include components outside the intranet. The
Ping
statistics for delay needs additional adjustments by adding 140 ms to explain the processing and
jitter buffer delay of the gateways.
No adjustments are required for error rates.
If the intranet measurement barely meets the round trip QoS objectives, the one-way QoS is not
met in one of the directions of flow. This state can be true when the flow is on a symmetric route
caused by the asymmetric behavior of the data processing services.
Late packets
Packets that arrive outside of the window allowed by the jitter buffer are discarded. To determine
which
Ping
samples to ignore, calculate the average one-way delay based on all the samples. Add
300 ms to that amount. This amount is the maximum delay. All samples that exceed this one-way
delay maximum are considered late and are removed from the sample. Calculate the percentage of
late packets, and add that percentage to the packet loss statistics.
Measurement procedure
The following procedure is an example of how to get delay and error statistics for a specific site
pair during peak hours.
Table 20 Computed load of voice traffic per link
Links Traffic from
R1-R4 Santa Clara/Richardson
R4-R5 Santa Clara/Richardson
Santa Clara/Tokyo
R5-R6 Santa Clara/Richardson
Richardson/Ottawa
R1-R2 Santa Clara/Ottawa
R1-R4 Santa Clara/Tokyo
R5-R7 Santa Clara/Tokyo
R2-R3 Richardson/Ottawa
R3-R5 Richardson/Ottawa
- Business Communications 1
- Manager 2.5 1
- IP Telephony Configuration 1
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 4 4
- Chapter 5 5
- Appendix A 5
- Before you begin 13
- Symbols used in this guide 14
- Text conventions 14
- Acronyms 15
- UDP User Datagram Protocol 16
- WAN Wide Area Network 16
- Related publications 17
- How to get help 18
- Chapter 1 19
- Introduction 19
- The IP telephony network 20
- Chapter 1 Introduction 21 21
- Figure 1 Network diagram 21
- Telephones 22
- IP Network 22
- Key IP Telephony Concepts 23
- Jitter Buffer 24
- QoS routing 24
- Chapter 1 Introduction 25 25
- 26 Chapter 1 Introduction 26
- Chapter 2 27
- Prerequisites checklist 27
- Network assessment 28
- Resource Assessment 28
- Keycodes 29
- IP Telephones 30
- Chapter 3 31
- Installing IP Telephones 31
- Choosing a codec 33
- Choosing a Jitter Buffer 33
- Before Installing 34
- Manual Cfg DHCP(0 no, 1 yes) 35
- Configuring DHCP 38
- Figure 4 DHCP summary 39
- Figure 5 DHCP range 40
- Figure 6 IP Terminal status 41
- Figure 7 Configuration menu 42
- Figure 9 IP Terminal Status 43
- Download Pending 44
- Deregistering offline DNs 45
- Moving IP telephones 46
- H.323 devices 47
- 4 Click the Save button 49
- VoIP Trunk Configuration 51
- Configuring media parameters 53
- Configuring codecs 54
- Setting Silence Compression 54
- Setting Jitter Buffers 55
- Outgoing call configuration 56
- Figure 21 Trunk/Line data 57
- Figure 22 Line pool 58
- Configuring a remote gateway 59
- Configuring PSTN fallback 60
- Setting up a VoIP schedule 61
- Vo I P 62
- Configuring routes 63
- Figure 28 Route list 64
- Figure 29 Add route dialog 64
- Creating a destination code 65
- Figure 32 Normal schedule 66
- Configuring digits 67
- Activating the VoIP schedule 67
- Turning on QoS monitor 68
- Incoming call configuration 70
- Example configuration 71
- Making calls 74
- Connecting an i200X telephone 75
- Quality of Service Monitor 77
- Port settings 77
- Using firewalls 78
- Using a gatekeeper 80
- Gatekeeper call scenarios 82
- Typical applications 85
- MCDN functionality 86
- Networking 91
- Network Engineering 92
- Networking 93 93
- (64 kb/s) 93
- (5.3 kb/s) 93
- LAN Engineering Examples 95
- WAN engineering 96
- Setting Non-linear processing 96
- Networking 97 97
- Traceroute 97
- Enough link capacity 98
- Not enough link capacity 98
- Implementing the network 99
- Further network analysis 99
- Reduce link delay 100
- Reducing hop count 100
- Adjust the jitter buffer size 101
- Reduce packet errors 101
- Routing issues 102
- Silence compression 103
- Appendix B 103
- 104 Silence compression 104
- P0937663 02.0 104
- Silence compression 105 105
- 106 Silence compression 106
- Silence compression 107 107
- Comfort Noise 108
- Appendix C 109
- Network Performance Utilities 109
- Appendix D 111
- Interoperability 111
- Speech Path Setup Methods 112
- Media Path Redirection 112
- Gatekeeper 113
- Symbol Telephones 114
- Appendix E 115
- Quality of Service 115
- Measuring Intranet QoS 116
- Recording routes 117
- Adjustment for processing 118
- Late packets 118
- Quality of Service 119 119
- Traffic mix 120
- Network Quality of Service 121
- Packet loss 122
- Packet delay 122
- Delay variation (jitter) 123
- 124 Quality of Service 124
- Glossary 125
- 126 Glossary 126
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