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Chapter 1 Introduction 23
IP Telephony Configuration Guide
WAN
A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a communications network that covers a wide geographic area,
such as state or country. For Business Communications Manager, a WAN is any IP network
connected to a WAN card on the Business Communications Manager system. This may also be a
direct connection to another Business Communications Manager system.
LAN
A Local Area Network (LAN) is a communications network that serves users within a confined
geographical area. For Business Communications Manager, a LAN is any IP network connected to
a LAN card on the Business Communications Manager system. Often, the LAN can include a
router that forms a connection to the Internet.
Public Switched Telephone Network
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) can play an import role in IP Telephony
communications. In many installations, the PSTN forms a fallback route, so that if a call across a
VoIP trunk does not have adequate voice quality, the call is routed across the PSTN instead. The
Business Communications Manager also serves as a gateway to the PSTN for users on the system.
Key IP Telephony Concepts
In traditional telephony, the voice path between two telephones is circuit switched. This means
that the analog or digital connection between the two telephones is dedicated to the call. The voice
quality is usually excellent, since there is no other signal to interfere.
In IP telephony, voice quality between IP telephones can vary significantly from call to call and
time of day. When two IP telephones are on a call, each IP telephone encodes the speech at the
handset microphone into small data packets called frames, and sends the frames across the IP
network to the other telephone where the frames are decoded and played at the handset receiver. If
some of the frames get lost while in transit, or are delayed too long, the receiving telephone
experiences poor voice quality.
Codecs
The algorithm used to compress and decompress voice is embedded in a software entity called a
codec (COde-DECode).
Two popular Codecs are G.711 and G.729. The G.711 Codec samples voice at 64 kilobits per
second (kbps) while G.729 samples at a far lower rate of 8 kbps.
Voice quality is better when using a G.711 CODEC, but more network bandwidth is used to
exchange the voice frames between the telephones.
If you experience poor voice quality and suspect it is due to heavy network traffic, you can get
better voice quality by configuring the IP telephone to use a G.729 CODEC.
- Business Communications 1
- Manager 2.5 1
- IP Telephony Configuration 1
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 4 4
- Chapter 5 5
- Appendix A 5
- Before you begin 13
- Symbols used in this guide 14
- Text conventions 14
- Acronyms 15
- UDP User Datagram Protocol 16
- WAN Wide Area Network 16
- Related publications 17
- How to get help 18
- Chapter 1 19
- Introduction 19
- The IP telephony network 20
- Chapter 1 Introduction 21 21
- Figure 1 Network diagram 21
- Telephones 22
- IP Network 22
- Key IP Telephony Concepts 23
- Jitter Buffer 24
- QoS routing 24
- Chapter 1 Introduction 25 25
- 26 Chapter 1 Introduction 26
- Chapter 2 27
- Prerequisites checklist 27
- Network assessment 28
- Resource Assessment 28
- Keycodes 29
- IP Telephones 30
- Chapter 3 31
- Installing IP Telephones 31
- Choosing a codec 33
- Choosing a Jitter Buffer 33
- Before Installing 34
- Manual Cfg DHCP(0 no, 1 yes) 35
- Configuring DHCP 38
- Figure 4 DHCP summary 39
- Figure 5 DHCP range 40
- Figure 6 IP Terminal status 41
- Figure 7 Configuration menu 42
- Figure 9 IP Terminal Status 43
- Download Pending 44
- Deregistering offline DNs 45
- Moving IP telephones 46
- H.323 devices 47
- 4 Click the Save button 49
- VoIP Trunk Configuration 51
- Configuring media parameters 53
- Configuring codecs 54
- Setting Silence Compression 54
- Setting Jitter Buffers 55
- Outgoing call configuration 56
- Figure 21 Trunk/Line data 57
- Figure 22 Line pool 58
- Configuring a remote gateway 59
- Configuring PSTN fallback 60
- Setting up a VoIP schedule 61
- Vo I P 62
- Configuring routes 63
- Figure 28 Route list 64
- Figure 29 Add route dialog 64
- Creating a destination code 65
- Figure 32 Normal schedule 66
- Configuring digits 67
- Activating the VoIP schedule 67
- Turning on QoS monitor 68
- Incoming call configuration 70
- Example configuration 71
- Making calls 74
- Connecting an i200X telephone 75
- Quality of Service Monitor 77
- Port settings 77
- Using firewalls 78
- Using a gatekeeper 80
- Gatekeeper call scenarios 82
- Typical applications 85
- MCDN functionality 86
- Networking 91
- Network Engineering 92
- Networking 93 93
- (64 kb/s) 93
- (5.3 kb/s) 93
- LAN Engineering Examples 95
- WAN engineering 96
- Setting Non-linear processing 96
- Networking 97 97
- Traceroute 97
- Enough link capacity 98
- Not enough link capacity 98
- Implementing the network 99
- Further network analysis 99
- Reduce link delay 100
- Reducing hop count 100
- Adjust the jitter buffer size 101
- Reduce packet errors 101
- Routing issues 102
- Silence compression 103
- Appendix B 103
- 104 Silence compression 104
- P0937663 02.0 104
- Silence compression 105 105
- 106 Silence compression 106
- Silence compression 107 107
- Comfort Noise 108
- Appendix C 109
- Network Performance Utilities 109
- Appendix D 111
- Interoperability 111
- Speech Path Setup Methods 112
- Media Path Redirection 112
- Gatekeeper 113
- Symbol Telephones 114
- Appendix E 115
- Quality of Service 115
- Measuring Intranet QoS 116
- Recording routes 117
- Adjustment for processing 118
- Late packets 118
- Quality of Service 119 119
- Traffic mix 120
- Network Quality of Service 121
- Packet loss 122
- Packet delay 122
- Delay variation (jitter) 123
- 124 Quality of Service 124
- Glossary 125
- 126 Glossary 126
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