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Customizing OSPF Services
303528-A Rev 00
7-5
OSPF Areas
OSPF routers reduce and restrict the amount of internal and external routing
information that is flooded through the AS by dividing the AS into areas.
Figure 7-1
shows an OSPF autonomous system divided into three areas and a
required central area called a backbone that is used to distribute routing
information among areas.
Figure 7-1. OSPF Areas
Each area has a unique ID number. (ID 0.0.0.0 is always reserved for the OSPF
backbone.) The AS in Figure 7-1
has three areas (0.0.0.1, 0.0.0.2, and 0.0.0.3) and
a backbone (0.0.0.0).
For information about associating an OSPF interface with an area ID, see
“Configuring an Area ID” on page 7-29.
Backbone area 0.0.0.0
R2
R1
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
Stub area 0.0.0.2
R8
R11
R12
R9
R13
R14
R10
RIP
Area 0.0.0.3
Area 0.0.0.1
IP0048A
BGP EGP
BGP
- Configuring IP Services 1
- Trademarks 2
- Restricted Rights Legend 2
- Statement of Conditions 2
- Contents 5
- 303528-A Rev 00 10
- Before You Begin 23
- Text Conventions 24
- Acronyms 25
- How to Get Help 27
- Chapter 1 29
- IP Addresses 30
- Subnet Addressing 32
- Supernet Addressing 35
- Autonomous Systems 36
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) 38
- Router Discovery Protocol 39
- Route Preferences 40
- Route Weights 41
- Figure 1-3. IP Routing Table 43
- IP Traffic Filters 46
- RFC Compliance 46
- Chapter 2 49
- Starting IP 50
- Starting RIP 51
- Starting OSPF 52
- Starting BGP 53
- Starting Router Discovery 54
- Chapter 3 55
- Deleting IP from an Interface 57
- Customizing IP 57
- Adding RIP to an IP Interface 59
- Customizing RIP 60
- Customizing OSPF 62
- Deleting BGP from the Router 64
- Customizing BGP 65
- Starting EGP 66
- Deleting EGP from the Router 67
- Customizing EGP 67
- Starting NAT 68
- Chapter 4 77
- The IP global prompt appears 79
- (continued) 85
- Caution: 100
- Customizing an IP Interface 102
- Using the BCC 108
- Using Site Manager 108
- IP0012A 121
- Configuring an SMDS Address 123
- Defining a Static Route 132
- Choosing a Broadcast Type 138
- Chapter 5 141
- ARP Overview 142
- Figure 5-2. Proxy ARP Example 149
- Chapter 6 153
- Customizing RIP Services 153
- Setting the RIP Diameter 154
- Customizing a RIP Interface 156
- Selecting the RIP Version 160
- Specifying the Update Mode 163
- Sending Triggered Updates 164
- Listening for a Default Route 173
- Chapter 7 195
- Customizing OSPF Services 195
- OSPF Concepts and Terminology 196
- OSPF Neighbors 197
- Neighbor Adjacencies 198
- Designated Routers 198
- OSPF Areas 199
- OSPF Router Types 200
- AS External Routes 200
- OSPF Implementation Notes 201
- OSPF interfaces 202
- For example: 203
- Supplying an OSPF ID 205
- Figure 7-2. OSPF ASE Routes 210
- (default) 214
- Setting the Holddown Timer 215
- Configuring Message Logging 216
- Enabling and Disabling OSPF 222
- Configuring an Area ID 223
- Specifying the Network Type 224
- Estimating the Transit Delay 229
- Setting the Hello Interval 231
- Setting the Dead Interval 233
- Specifying the Metric Cost 236
- Specifying the MTU Size 239
- Defining an Area 242
- Modifying an Area ID 244
- Configuring Authentication 244
- Configuring a Summary Route 246
- Configuring a Stub Area 247
- Chapter 8 269
- BGP Concepts and Terminology 270
- Peer-to-Peer Sessions 271
- Interior BGP Routing 272
- IBGP Route Reflector 273
- BGP Updates 274
- BGP Implementation Notes 277
- Configuring BGP Globally 278
- Enabling and Disabling BGP 279
- Supplying a BGP Identifier 281
- Identifying the Local AS 282
- Enabling Multihop Connections 288
- Configuring BGP as a Soloist 291
- Negotiating the BGP Version 301
- Keeping the Connection Alive 303
- Specifying a Holddown Time 307
- Setting the Route Echo Switch 314
- Using Site Manage 330
- (continued) 333
- OSPF/BGP Interaction 343
- Chapter 9 361
- Customizing EGP Services 361
- EGP Concepts and Terminology 362
- EGP Implementation Notes 365
- Customizing EGP on the Router 366
- Supplying a Local AS Number 367
- Configuring a Neighbor 368
- Specifying the Gateway Mode 370
- Choosing the Acquisition Mode 372
- Choosing the Poll Mode 373
- Setting Neighbor Timers 374
- Chapter 10 375
- Security Label Format 376
- Inbound IP Datagrams 378
- Forwarded IP Datagrams 378
- Unlabeled IP Datagrams 379
- Originated IP Datagrams 379
- Enabling and Disabling RIPSO 380
- Outbound Datagrams 388
- Error Datagrams 389
- RIPSO Example 390
- Figure 10-2. RIPSO Example 391
- Chapter 11 393
- BFE Addressing 395
- Chapter 12 403
- Dynamic Address Translation 404
- Static Address Translation 409
- Enabling and Disabling NAT 411
- Configuring the Log Mask 413
- Table 12-2. Log Message Types 414
- Customizing a NAT Interface 417
- Modifying the Interface Type 418
- Adding a Local Address Range 421
- Adding a Global Address Range 424
- IP0076A 429
- Chapter 13 431
- How GRE Tunneling Works 432
- Figure 13-1. GRE Tunneling 433
- Announce Policy 434
- Accept Policy 435
- Static Routes 435
- Deleting a GRE Tunnel 441
- Appendix A 443
- Site Manager Parameters 443
- BGP Global Parameters 444
- BGP-3 Global Parameters 449
- BGP-4 Global Parameters 449
- BGP Peer Parameters 449
- BGP Event Message Parameters 459
- EGP Global Parameters 460
- EGP Neighbor Parameters 462
- IP Parameters 465
- IP Interface Parameters 467
- IP Global Parameters 481
- Static Route Parameters 489
- Adjacent Host Parameters 492
- RIPSO Parameters 495
- Router Discovery Parameters 505
- OSPF Parameters 507
- OSPF Interface Parameters 513
- OSPF Area Parameters 522
- Area Range Parameters 525
- RIP Parameters 530
- NAT Parameters 537
- Appendix B 545
- Routing Policies 545
- IP Announce Policy Parameters 564
- Appendix C 597
- RIP Export Filters 601
- OSPF Import Filters 604
- OSPF Export Filters 605
- BGP-3 Import Filters 608
- 610
- BGP-3 Export Filters 613
- EGP Import Filters 617
- EGP Export Filters 619
- 621
- Appendix D 625
- Route Weight Worksheet 625
- Appendix E 629
- IP/OSPF Configuration 629
- 128.10.6.0 630
- 255.255.255.248 630
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