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168 Chapter 10 Firewalls
NN47923-500
distinguish traffic originating from an inside host or an outside host by IP
address.
4 The firewall performs better than filtering if you need to check many rules.
5 Use the firewall if you need routine e-mail reports about your system or need
to be alerted when attacks occur.
6 The firewall can block any specific URL traffic that occurs in the future. The
URL can be saved in an Access Control List (ACL) database.
- Business Secure Router 1
- Copyright © Nortel 2005–2006 2
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Chapter 2 4
- Chapter 3 5
- Chapter 4 5
- Chapter 5 6
- Chapter 12 10
- Chapter 13 10
- Chapter 14 11
- Chapter 15 12
- Chapter 16 12
- Chapter 17 13
- Chapter 18 13
- Chapter 19 14
- Chapter 20 14
- Appendix B 16
- 28 Tables 28
- Before you begin 29
- Text conventions 29
- Related publications 30
- Hard copy technical manuals 30
- How to get Help 31
- 32 Preface 32
- Chapter 1 33
- Features 34
- Networking compatibility 35
- Multiplexing 35
- Four-Port switch 35
- Nonphysical features 36
- Dynamic DNS support 39
- IP Multicast 39
- IP Alias 39
- Central Network Management 39
- Traffic Redirect 40
- Port Forwarding 40
- Full network management 40
- Logging and tracing 41
- Embedded FTP and TFTP Servers 41
- Hardware Setup 42
- Introducing the WebGUI 45
- Figure 2 Login screen 46
- Figure 6 MAIN MENU Screen 50
- Figure 7 Contact Support 51
- Wizard setup 53
- VPI and VCI 55
- 56 Chapter 3 Wizard setup 56
- Figure 8 Wizard Screen 1 56
- Table 2 Wizard Screen 1 56
- IP address and subnet mask 57
- IP address assignment 57
- Private IP addresses 58
- Chapter 3 Wizard setup 59 59
- 60 Chapter 3 Wizard setup 60
- Chapter 3 Wizard setup 61 61
- 62 Chapter 3 Wizard setup 62
- Chapter 3 Wizard setup 63 63
- 64 Chapter 3 Wizard setup 64
- DHCP setup 65
- 66 Chapter 3 Wizard setup 66
- Figure 13 Wizard Screen 3 66
- Chapter 3 Wizard setup 67 67
- 68 Chapter 3 Wizard setup 68
- Test your Internet connection 69
- 70 Chapter 3 Wizard setup 70
- User Notes 71
- Security 74
- Advanced Router Configuration 75
- 76 Chapter 4 User Notes 76
- Termination) 77
- Emulation) 77
- 78 Chapter 4 User Notes 78
- Chapter 4 User Notes 79 79
- 80 Chapter 4 User Notes 80
- System screens 81
- Configuring General Setup 82
- Chapter 5 System screens 83 83
- 84 Chapter 5 System screens 84
- Dynamic DNS 85
- Configuring Dynamic DNS 85
- 86 Chapter 5 System screens 86
- Figure 18 DDNS 86
- Table 9 DDNS 86
- Configuring Password 87
- 88 Chapter 5 System screens 88
- Figure 19 Password 88
- Table 10 Password 88
- Chapter 5 System screens 89 89
- Configuring Time and Date 90
- Chapter 5 System screens 91 91
- Figure 20 Time and Date 91
- 92 Chapter 5 System screens 92
- Table 12 Time and Date 92
- Chapter 5 System screens 93 93
- Configuring ALG 94
- Chapter 5 System screens 95 95
- Table 13 ALG 95
- 96 Chapter 5 System screens 96
- LAN screens 97
- LAN TCP/IP 98
- Multicast 99
- Configuring IP 100
- Chapter 6 LAN screens 101 101
- Table 14 LAN IP 101
- 102 Chapter 6 LAN screens 102
- NN47923-500 102
- Configuring Static DHCP 103
- 104 Chapter 6 LAN screens 104
- Figure 23 Static DHCP 104
- Table 15 Static DHCP 104
- Configuring IP Alias 105
- 106 Chapter 6 LAN screens 106
- Table 16 IP Alias 106
- Chapter 7 107
- WAN screens 107
- Configuring Route 108
- PPPoE encapsulation 109
- Configuring WAN ISP 110
- Chapter 7 WAN screens 111 111
- Figure 26 WAN: WAN ISP 111
- 112 Chapter 7 WAN screens 112
- Table 18 WAN: WAN ISP 112
- Configuring WAN IP 113
- 114 Chapter 7 WAN screens 114
- Figure 27 WAN: IP 114
- Chapter 7 WAN screens 115 115
- Table 19 WAN: IP 115
- 116 Chapter 7 WAN screens 116
- Traffic redirect 117
- Configuring Traffic Redirect 118
- Configuring Dial Backup 119
- 120 Chapter 7 WAN screens 120
- Figure 31 Dial Backup Setup 120
- Chapter 7 WAN screens 121 121
- Table 21 Dial Backup Setup 121
- 122 Chapter 7 WAN screens 122
- Chapter 7 WAN screens 123 123
- Advanced Modem Setup 124
- Chapter 7 WAN screens 125 125
- Figure 32 Advanced Setup 125
- 126 Chapter 7 WAN screens 126
- Table 22 Advanced Setup 126
- Chapter 7 WAN screens 127 127
- 128 Chapter 7 WAN screens 128
- Chapter 8 129
- What NAT does 130
- How NAT works 131
- NAT application 132
- NAT mapping types 133
- Using NAT 134
- SUA Server 135
- Configuring SUA Server 137
- Figure 37 SUA/NAT setup 138
- Table 26 SUA/NAT setup 138
- Configuring Address Mapping 139
- Figure 38 Address Mapping 140
- Table 27 Address Mapping 140
- Trigger Port Forwarding 143
- Figure 41 Trigger Port 145
- Table 29 Trigger Port 146
- Chapter 9 147
- Static Route screens 147
- Configuring IP Static Route 148
- Configuring Route entry 150
- Chapter 10 153
- Firewalls 153
- Packet filtering firewalls 154
- Application level firewalls 154
- Chapter 10 Firewalls 155 155
- Denial of Service 156
- Types of DoS attacks 157
- 158 Chapter 10 Firewalls 158
- Chapter 10 Firewalls 159 159
- Figure 47 SYN flood 159
- • ICMP vulnerability 160
- ICMP types trigger an alert: 160
- Stateful inspection 161
- Stateful inspection process 162
- Chapter 10 Firewalls 163 163
- TCP security 164
- UDP/ICMP security 165
- Upper layer protocols 165
- Packet filtering vs. firewall 166
- Firewall 167
- 168 Chapter 10 Firewalls 168
- Chapter 11 169
- Firewall screens 169
- Rule logic overview 171
- Connection direction examples 172
- LAN to WAN rules 173
- WAN to LAN rules 173
- Configuring firewall 174
- Configuring firewall rules 178
- Configuring custom ports 182
- Example firewall rule 183
- Predefined services 186
- Configuring attack alert 190
- Figure 61 Attack alert 192
- Table 41 Attack alert 192
- Content filtering 195
- Configure Content Filtering 196
- Table 42 Content filter 197
- VPN screens overview 200
- Security Association 201
- Other terminology 201
- IPSec architecture 202
- IPSec algorithms 203
- 204 Chapter 13 VPN 204
- Key management 205
- Encapsulation 206
- IPSec and NAT 207
- Secure Gateway Address 208
- Summary screen 209
- 210 Chapter 13 VPN 210
- Figure 67 Summary 210
- IP Policies 210
- Chapter 13 VPN 211 211
- Table 47 Summary 211
- Keep Alive 212
- Nailed up 212
- NAT Traversal 213
- Preshared key 214
- Chapter 13 VPN 215 215
- Configuring Advanced Setup 216
- Chapter 13 VPN 217 217
- ID Type and content 218
- ID type and content examples 219
- My IP Address 220
- Chapter 13 VPN 221 221
- 222 Chapter 13 VPN 222
- Chapter 13 VPN 223 223
- 224 Chapter 13 VPN 224
- Chapter 13 VPN 225 225
- 226 Chapter 13 VPN 226
- Chapter 13 VPN 227 227
- 228 Chapter 13 VPN 228
- Chapter 13 VPN 229 229
- Configuring an IP Policy 230
- Chapter 13 VPN 231 231
- 232 Chapter 13 VPN 232
- Chapter 13 VPN 233 233
- 234 Chapter 13 VPN 234
- Chapter 13 VPN 235 235
- Port forwarding server 236
- Chapter 13 VPN 237 237
- IKE phases 238
- Chapter 13 VPN 239 239
- Negotiation Mode 240
- Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) 241
- 242 Chapter 13 VPN 242
- Chapter 13 VPN 243 243
- 244 Chapter 13 VPN 244
- SA Monitor 245
- 246 Chapter 13 VPN 246
- Figure 76 VPN SA Monitor 246
- Table 58 VPN SA Monitor 246
- Global settings 247
- VPN Client Termination 248
- Chapter 13 VPN 249 249
- 250 Chapter 13 VPN 250
- Chapter 13 VPN 251 251
- 252 Chapter 13 VPN 252
- Chapter 13 VPN 253 253
- 254 Chapter 13 VPN 254
- Chapter 13 VPN 255 255
- 256 Chapter 13 VPN 256
- Chapter 13 VPN 257 257
- 258 Chapter 13 VPN 258
- Chapter 13 VPN 259 259
- 260 Chapter 13 VPN 260
- Certificates 261
- Self-signed certificates 262
- Configuration summary 263
- My Certificates 263
- 264 Chapter 14 Certificates 264
- Figure 83 My Certificates 264
- Chapter 14 Certificates 265 265
- Table 64 My Certificates 265
- Certificate file formats 266
- Importing a certificate 267
- 268 Chapter 14 Certificates 268
- Creating a certificate 269
- 270 Chapter 14 Certificates 270
- Chapter 14 Certificates 271 271
- 272 Chapter 14 Certificates 272
- My Certificate details 273
- 274 Chapter 14 Certificates 274
- Chapter 14 Certificates 275 275
- 276 Chapter 14 Certificates 276
- Trusted CAs 277
- 278 Chapter 14 Certificates 278
- Figure 87 Trusted CAs 278
- Table 68 Trusted CAs 278
- Chapter 14 Certificates 279 279
- 280 Chapter 14 Certificates 280
- Figure 88 Trusted CA import 280
- Table 69 Trusted CA import 280
- Chapter 14 Certificates 281 281
- 282 Chapter 14 Certificates 282
- Chapter 14 Certificates 283 283
- Table 70 Trusted CA details 283
- 284 Chapter 14 Certificates 284
- Trusted remote hosts 285
- 286 Chapter 14 Certificates 286
- Chapter 14 Certificates 287 287
- 288 Chapter 14 Certificates 288
- Chapter 14 Certificates 289 289
- 290 Chapter 14 Certificates 290
- Chapter 14 Certificates 291 291
- 292 Chapter 14 Certificates 292
- Chapter 14 Certificates 293 293
- Directory servers 294
- Secure Router can access 295
- 296 Chapter 14 Certificates 296
- Chapter 14 Certificates 297 297
- 298 Chapter 14 Certificates 298
- Bandwidth management 299
- Bandwidth classes and filters 300
- FTP 64 Kb/s 64 Kb/s 301
- H.323 64 Kb/s 64 Kb/s 301
- SIP 64 Kb/s 64 Kb/s 301
- Configuring summary 302
- Configuring class setup 303
- IEEE 802.1x 311
- EAP Authentication overview 312
- Configuring 802.1X 313
- 314 Chapter 16 IEEE 802.1x 314
- Figure 104 802.1X 314
- Table 83 802.1X 314
- Chapter 16 IEEE 802.1x 315 315
- 316 Chapter 16 IEEE 802.1x 316
- Authentication server 317
- Edit Local User Database 319
- Current split networks 322
- Current split networks edit 323
- Configuring RADIUS 325
- Figure 109 RADIUS 326
- Table 88 RADIUS 326
- Remote management screens 329
- Remote management and NAT 330
- System timeout 330
- Introduction to HTTPS 331
- Configuring WWW 332
- Figure 111 WWW 333
- Table 89 WWW 333
- HTTPS example 334
- Logon screen 338
- Secure Router models 340
- SSH overview 343
- How SSH works 344
- Configuring SSH 345
- Figure 122 SSH 346
- Table 90 SSH 346
- Example 1: Microsoft Windows 347
- Example 2: Linux 348
- Secure FTP using SSH example 349
- Configuring TELNET 351
- Configuring FTP 352
- Configuring SNMP 353
- Supported MIBs 355
- SNMP Traps 355
- REMOTE MANAGEMENT: SNMP 356
- Configuring DNS 357
- Configuring Security 358
- Figure 133 Security 359
- Table 96 Security 359
- UPnP implementation 362
- Configuring UPnP 362
- Chapter 19 UPnP 363 363
- Figure 134 Configuring UPnP 363
- Table 97 Configuring UPnP 363
- Displaying UPnP port mapping 364
- Installing UPnP in Windows Me 365
- Installing UPnP in Windows XP 366
- Chapter 19 UPnP 367 367
- 368 Chapter 19 UPnP 368
- Chapter 19 UPnP 369 369
- 370 Chapter 19 UPnP 370
- Figure 144 Service settings 370
- WebGUI easy access 371
- Local Network 372
- WebGUI logon screen displays 372
- Logs Screens 373
- 374 Chapter 20 Logs Screens 374
- Figure 149 View Log 374
- Table 99 View Log 374
- Configuring Log settings 375
- 376 Chapter 20 Logs Screens 376
- Figure 150 Log settings 376
- Chapter 20 Logs Screens 377 377
- Table 100 Log settings 377
- Configuring Reports 378
- Chapter 20 Logs Screens 379 379
- Figure 151 Reports 379
- Viewing Web site hits 380
- Chapter 20 Logs Screens 381 381
- Viewing Protocol/Port 382
- Viewing LAN IP address 383
- 384 Chapter 20 Logs Screens 384
- Reports specifications 385
- 386 Chapter 20 Logs Screens 386
- Chapter 21 387
- Call scheduling screens 387
- Call scheduling 387
- Call scheduling edit 389
- Chapter 22 395
- Maintenance 395
- 396 Chapter 22 Maintenance 396
- Figure 158 System Status 396
- Table 108 System Status 396
- System statistics 397
- 398 Chapter 22 Maintenance 398
- DHCP Table screen 399
- Diagnostic Screen 400
- Chapter 22 Maintenance 401 401
- Figure 161 Diagnostic 401
- Table 111 Diagnostic 401
- F/W Upload screen 402
- Chapter 22 Maintenance 403 403
- Figure 162 Firmware upload 403
- Table 112 Firmware Upload 403
- 404 Chapter 22 Maintenance 404
- Configuration screen 405
- Backup configuration 406
- Restore configuration 407
- Restart screen 408
- Chapter 22 Maintenance 409 409
- Figure 170 Restart screen 409
- 410 Chapter 22 Maintenance 410
- Appendix A 411
- Troubleshooting 411
- Problems with the LAN LED 412
- Problems with Internet access 413
- Problems with the password 414
- Problems with the WebGUI 415
- Permissions 416
- Figure 173 Internet options 418
- Internet Explorer JavaScript 419
- JAVA (Sun) 422
- Netscape Pop-up Blockers 423
- Allowing Pop-ups 424
- Figure 181 Popup Windows 425
- Figure 182 Popup Windows 426
- Figure 183 Allowed Sites 427
- Figure 184 Advanced 428
- Log Descriptions 431
- Table 127 Attack Logs 433
- Table 128 Access Logs 434
- Table 129 ACL Setting Notes 439
- Table 130 ICMP Notes 439
- VPN/IPSec Logs 440
- VPN Responder IPSec Log 441
- Table 135 PKI Logs 446
- Table 137 IEEE 802.1X Logs 449
- Log Commands 450
- Displaying Logs 451
- Log Command Example 452
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