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LNM Servers Overview

303534-A Rev 00

1-11

Ring Error Monitor (REM)

The Bay Networks implementation of REM is one of five LAN management

servers you configure on a token ring circuit. REM observes, collects, and

analyzes hard-error and soft-error reports sent by ring stations on a single ring,

and assists in fault isolation and correction. The REM functional address on the

ring is the destination address for all soft-error reports generated by ring stations.

Hard-error reports are sent to the all-stations MAC address and examined by the

REM hard-error analysis program.

REM supports the following functions:

• Hard-Error Processing Function

• Soft-Error Processing Function

Hard-Error Processing Function

The REM Hard-Error Processing Function detects and reports hard errors. Hard

errors are permanent or temporary faults, usually in equipment attached to a ring.

Permanent hard errors cannot be corrected by software; temporary hard errors can

be corrected by software.

Hard errors typically cause a ring to cease operating. A ring station downstream

from the faulty station recognizes a hard error, and transmits Beacon MAC frames

at specified intervals, until the faulty station removes itself from the affected ring.

Soft-Error Processing Function

The REM Soft-Error Processing Function determines whether a nonrandom or

excessive soft-error condition is occurring on the ring to which REM is attached.

If possible, REM isolates the most probable source of the soft errors to a single

fault domain, where fault domain consists of a ring station, its Next Active

Upstream Neighbor, and the media between them.

The REM Soft-Error Processing Function includes the following additional

functions:

• Soft-Error Reporting Function

• Nonisolating Soft-Error Processing Function

• Isolating Soft-Error Processing Function

• Intensive Mode Reporting Function

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